Improving YOLO Efficient for Knee Osteoarthritis Detection Using Minkowski Distance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29304/jqcsm.2025.17.32376Keywords:
Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA), YOLO, Deep Learning, KL GradingAbstract
This study presents an enhanced YOLO-based deep learning model for automatic detection of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) from X-ray images. The integration of Minkowski distance into the loss function improves the model’s sensitivity to spatial variations and noise. Extensive preprocessing and a lightweight YOLO architecture ensure real-time performance with high accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate superior detection rates compared to traditional methods, especially in identifying early-stage KOA.
Downloads
References
J. Yang, Q. Ji, M. Ni, G. Zhang, and Y. Wang, "Automatic assessment of knee osteoarthritis severity in portable devices based on deep learning," *Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research*, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 1-10, 2022. springer.com
T. Tariq, Z. Suhail, and Z. Nawaz, "A Review for automated classification of knee osteoarthritis using KL grading scheme for X-rays," Biomedical Engineering Letters, 2025. [HTML]
N. Kour, S. Gupta, and S. Arora, "A survey of knee osteoarthritis assessment based on gait," *Archives of Computational Methods in …*, vol. 2021, Springer, 2021. researchgate.net
S. N. Hassan, M. Khalil, H. Salahuddin, and R. A. Naqvi, "… the Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique with Deep Learning Models for Classification of Knee Osteoarthritis Using Kellgren–Lawrence X-Ray Grade," Mathematics, vol. 2024. mdpi.com
J. Chen, B. Ma, M. Hu, G. Zhai, and W. Q. Sun, "Objective Bi-Modal Assessment of Knee Osteoarthritis Severity Grades: Model and Mechanism," IEEE Transactions on ..., 2024. [HTML]
S. Yan, T. Ramazanian, E. Sagheb, W. K. Kremers et al., "Give me a knee radiograph, I will tell you where the knee joint area is: a deep convolutional neural network adventure," 2022. [PDF]
F. V. Sciarretta and J. G. Lane, "Anatomy of the Knee," The Art of the Musculoskeletal Physical Exam, 2023. [HTML]
L. K. Sara, "Arthrology: The Study of the Structure and Function of Human Joints," in *Kinesiology of the Musculoskeletal System-E-Book*, 2024. [HTML]
H. Zhao, L. Ou, Z. Zhang, L. Zhang et al., "The value of deep learning-based X-ray techniques in detecting and classifying KL grades of knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis," European Radiology, 2025. springer.com
U. Yunus, J. Amin, M. Sharif, M. Yasmin et al., "Recognition of Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) Using YOLOv2 and Classification Based on Convolutional Neural Network," 2022. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
S. Tang, C. Zhang, W. M. Oo, K. Fu, "Osteoarthritis," Nature Reviews, 2025. researchgate.net
R. Geng, J. Li, C. Yu, C. Zhang, "Knee osteoarthritis: Current status and research progress in treatment," *Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine*, vol. 2023. spandidos-publications.com
L. Chen, H. Zhou, Y. Gong, Y. Tang, and H. Su, "How do muscle function and quality affect the progression of KOA? A narrative review," Orthopaedic Journal, vol. 2024, Wiley Online Library. wiley.com
J. Pan, Y. Wu, Z. Tang, K. Sun, M. Li, J. Sun, and J. Liu, "Automatic knee osteoarthritis severity grading based on X-ray images using a hierarchical classification method," Arthritis Research & Therapy, vol. 2024, Springer. springer.com
Y. Chen, X. Yuan, J. Wang, R. Wu, and X. Li, "YOLO-MS: rethinking multi-scale representation learning for real-time object detection," *Transactions on …*, 2025. [PDF]
G. Lavanya and S. D. Pande, "Enhancing Real-time Object Detection with YOLO Algorithm," *Transactions on Internet of …*, 2024. semanticscholar.org
W. Zheng, H. Xu, P. Li, R. Wang, "SAC-RSM: A High-Performance UAV-Side Road Surveillance Model Based on Super-Resolution Assisted Learning," IEEE Internet of Things, 2024. [HTML]
M. Junaid, H. Aliev, S. B. Park, H. W. Kim et al., "Hybrid precision floating-point (HPFP) selection to optimize hardware-constrained accelerator for CNN training," Sensors, 2024. mdpi.com
J. Zhou, L. Pang, D. Zhang, "Underwater image enhancement method via multi-interval subhistogram perspective equalization," IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, vol. 2023. researchgate.net
J. Shi, Z. Liu, and C. Yang, "Performance Evaluation Metric for Rectangle Extended Object Tracking Based on Minkowski Distance," 2024 IEEE Smart World Congress (SWC), 2024. [HTML]
S. Asif, "A Fuzzy Minkowski Distance-based fusion of convolutional neural networks for gastrointestinal disease detection," Applied Soft Computing, 2024. [HTML]
S. Nayak, M. Bhat, N. V. S. Reddy, "Study of distance metrics on k-nearest neighbor algorithm for star categorization," Journal of Physics, 2022. iop.org.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Marwah Fadhil Najim, Atheer Alrammahi, Ahmed Mohsen Mahdi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
