A dynamic structure for designing business models strategy in smart cities

Abstract

Smart cities look to supply more dynamic and sustainable services via utilizing digital technologies and innovative designs business models. This paper work toward to test the SC-BMC framework in the context of an Iraqi city (Baghdad) via evaluating a smart service and measuring its economic, social, and environmental dimensions. The work adopted a mixed-method proceed toward merging quantitative and qualitative tools. The UTAUT model was utilize via a questionnaire of (100) participants to measure adoption intentions, in addition to semi-structured online interviews with experts and local officials. Data were analyzed utilizing structural equation modeling (SEM) and qualitative content analysis, with outcomes compared to benchmark cities such as Dubai and Istanbul.

Quantitative outcomes offer that performance expectancy (PE) was the most  effective factor on behavioral intention (β=0.48, p<0.01), come behind by supportive conditions (FC) (β=0.32, p<0.05), however effort anticipation and social effect had no notable action. The qualitative outcomes appeared the framework's strengths in explaining profitable value and institutional communication, as contrasted with its flaws in addressing the informal economy and low environmental data. Comparing Baghdad with the reference cities, the economic value was similar (C/B ≈ 1.9), but it lagged behind in environmental and social indicators.

These results confirm that applying the adapted framework (SC-BMC-Localized) provides a practical tool for understanding and developing business models in developing cities, enabling decision-makers to achieve a balance between economic, social, and environmental dimensions in the transformation towards smarter and more sustainable cities.