Development of a machine learning-based online test system with a hierarchical structure for students
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29304/jqcsm.2026.18.22844Keywords:
Machine learning,, data structure., Language ProcessingAbstract
A significant data amount is being exchanged, turning internet to a contemporary Silk Road for information. Machine learning (ML) is a burgeoning discipline that is progressively employed for diverse purposes. Artificial intelligence (AI) is the area of study that grants machines the capacity to demonstrate intelligent behavior. In recent decades, there have been notable developments in the fields of ML and deep learning. Devices with low processing capacity are being equipped with advanced algorithms and technology. The machine learning-powered online student testing system frees students from the limitations of conventional paper-based testing and leads to the improvement of the effectiveness of testing procedure. At the same time, it results in maintaining fairness in evaluating students' performance while improving the efficiency of grading. The objective of the present work is creating an internet-based assessment system for students that utilizes machine learning to improve the evaluation of college courses. The main focus of research and design lies in functional modules, fundamental technologies, and implementation of the on-line testing system. The advanced educational software and on-line evaluation system can be helpful for the schools in developing a more systematic and rigorous administration. The conclusion highlights that the online examination system, which is an advanced and reliable educational software, can aid schools in implementing systematic and efficient management procedures
Downloads
References
A. Uyar and D. Büyükahıska, "Artificial intelligence as an automated essay scoring tool: A focus on ChatGPT," Int. J. Assess. Tools Educ., vol. –, pp. 20–32, Feb. 2025.
K. Sun and R. Wang, "Automatic Essay Multi‑dimensional Scoring with Fine‑tuning and Multiple Regression," arXiv, Jun. 2024.
C. Xiao et al., "Human‑AI Collaborative Essay Scoring: A Dual‑Process Framework with LLMs," arXiv, Jan. 2024.
J. Huang, X. Zhao, C. Che, Q. Lin, and B. Liu, "Enhancing Essay Scoring with Adversarial Weights Perturbation and Metric‑specific AttentionPooling," arXiv, Jan. 2024.
A. Mizumoto and M. Eguchi, "Exploring the potential of using an AI language model for automated essay scoring," Res. Methods Appl. Linguist., vol. 2, no. 2, 2023.
D. Ramesh and S. K. Sanampudi, "An automated essay scoring systems: a systematic literature review," Artif. Intell. Rev., vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 2495–2527, 2022.
Uto, Aomi, Tsutsumi, & Ueno, "Integration of prediction scores from various automated essay scoring models using item response theory," IEEE Trans. Learn. Technol., vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 983–1000, 2023.
N. Suzen, N. Alexander Gorban, J. Levesley and E. Mirkes, " Automatic Short Answer Grading and Feedback Using Text Mining Methods", Procedia Computer Science, 169, 726–743. DOI: 10.1016/j.procs,2020.
L. Chang and F. Ginter, " Automatic short answer grading for finnish with chatgpt". In Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, volume 38, pages 23173–23181, 2024.
A. Divya, V.Haridas, and J. Narayanan, "Automation of short answer grading techniques: Comparative study using deep learning techniques". Fifth International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Technologies (ICECCT) IEEE, pages 1–7. 2023
R.jwad kadhem, "semantic information retrieval for hadith based on query expansion of ontological knowledge" phd thesis . Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Malaysia, 2016
E. Page, "Computer grading of student prose using a trait approach," Journal of Educational Measurement, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 55–62, 1965.
L. Zhou and S. He, "Topic modeling for essay scoring," in Proc. 53rd ACL, Beijing, China, 2015, pp. 123–130.
T. Hofmann, "Probabilistic latent semantic indexing," in Proc. SIGIR, 1999, pp. 50–57.
D. Blei, A. Ng, and M. Jordan, "Latent Dirichlet Allocation," J. Mach. Learn. Res., vol. 3, pp. 993–1022, Jan. 2003.
K. Taghipour and H. T. Ng, "A neural approach to automated essay scoring," in Proc. EMNLP, 2016, pp. 1882–1891.
Z. Hua, "Semantic analysis for essay evaluation: A coherence-based approach," Journal of Language Technology, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 45–52, 2019.
Y. Bingcai et al., "Discourse analysis for automated essay scoring systems," in Proc. ACL, 2020, pp. 201–210.
X. Xiaolei, "Deep learning for automatic essay scoring using hierarchical features," Neural Comput. Appl., vol. 32, pp. 14223–14233, 2020.
Y. Lou, "Text classification-based essay scoring system using hierarchical techniques," Int. J. Artif. Intell., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 88–96, 2021.
S. Shim et al., "Unsupervised clustering for essay scoring: A hybrid model," Comput. Educ., vol. 160, p. 104028, Dec. 2020.
A. Fragulis et al., "A string kernel-based model for automatic student evaluation," Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 169, p. 114341, Apr. 2021.
Y. Zhang and Y. Wang, "Development of an online examination system using Struts and ML techniques," Int. J. Emerging Technol. Learn., vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 118–127, 2022.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Ruqaia Jwad Kadhim

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.








